Новое исследование раскрывает связь между степенями обжарки кофе и содержанием кофеина

Новое исследование раскрывает связь между степенями обжарки кофе и содержанием кофеина

 

Недавнее всестороннее исследование показало, как степени обжарки кофе влияют на содержание извлеченного кофеина и его концентрацию в готовом напитке, что ставит под сомнение некоторые устоявшиеся представления в кофейной индустрии.
Исследование под названием «Содержание кофеина в фильтрованном кофе в зависимости от степени обжарки и коэффициента экстракции» было проведено исследователями из колледжа Бери и университета Дрексел. Они проанализировали 30 различных комбинаций сортов зеленого кофе, степеней обжарки и времени экстракции.

Исследователи использовали современные методы, такие как рефрактометрия, высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография (HPLC) и сканирующая электронная микроскопия, чтобы изучить сложные процессы, определяющие экстракцию кофеина.

По мнению экспертов, связь между степенями обжарки и содержанием кофеина давно вызывает споры. Однако это исследование предоставляет важные объяснения, устраняя факторы, которые ранее часто путали результаты.

Ученые пришли к нескольким важным выводам:

  1. Содержание кофеина достигло пика при обжарке с потерей массы в диапазоне от 14 до 16%, что соответствует легкой и средней степени обжарки. Однако при темной обжарке содержание кофеина оказалось ниже.
  2. При сравнении напитков с одинаковым уровнем экстракции кофе, обжаренный до темных степеней, показал более высокую концентрацию кофеина, что противоречит распространенному мнению, что легкая обжарка содержит больше кофеина.
  3. С увеличением степени обжарки зерна кофе становятся более пористыми, что повышает эффективность экстракции. Однако этот эффект снижается из-за потерь кофеина вследствие испарения при высоких температурах обжарки.

Исследователи использовали строгую методологию, чтобы гарантировать точность и повторяемость результатов. Были выбраны сорта эфиопского кофе, включая натуральный (сухой процесс) и мытый (влажный процесс), из-за их разнообразных характеристик. Для каждой из пяти степеней обжарки использовалась современная электрическая барабанная обжарочная машина (Aillio Bullet v2). Каждая степень обжарки характеризовалась с использованием таких параметров, как цвет, плотность и процент потери массы.

Кофе заваривался с использованием устройства AeroPress при стандартных условиях, включая соотношение воды и кофе 15:1. Для изучения вариаций коэффициента экстракции было протестировано различное время заваривания (1, 2 и 10 минут). Внешние факторы, такие как размер помола, контролировались с помощью просеивания, а фильтрованная вода с постоянными химическими свойствами использовалась для минимизации влияния внешних факторов.

Исследование показало, что коэффициент экстракции — процент растворимых веществ, извлеченных из молотого кофе, — играет решающую роль в определении уровня кофеина. Результаты показали снижение коэффициента экстракции с увеличением степени обжарки, что связано с разрушением растворимых соединений в процессе обжарки.

Интересно, что темно обжаренный кофе продемонстрировал более высокую концентрацию кофеина при одинаковом уровне экстракции по сравнению с кофе легкой обжарки. Это объясняется меньшим количеством других растворимых соединений в темно обжаренном кофе, что позволяет кофеину составлять большую долю извлеченного материала.

Исследование также выделило роль пористости в динамике экстракции. С помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии были измерены изменения пористости на разных стадиях обжарки. Ученые обнаружили, что с увеличением степени обжарки зерна кофе становятся более пористыми, что повышает эффективность извлечения растворимых соединений во время заваривания.

Однако результаты показали, что при экстремально темной обжарке способность удерживать кофеин снижается из-за разрушения внутренней структуры зерен.

Исследование затронуло не только кофеин, но и хлорогеновые кислоты, которые являются важными антиоксидантами. Результаты показали, что концентрация этих кислот значительно снижается при темной обжарке, что делает легкую обжарку лучшим выбором для тех, кто ищет их полезные свойства.

Это исследование предоставляет ценную информацию для любителей кофе о том, как их выбор метода заваривания влияет на содержание кофеина. Хотя легкая и средняя обжарка обычно дают более высокие уровни кофеина при стандартных условиях, аналогичных результатов можно добиться и при темной обжарке, если оптимизировать параметры экстракции. Кроме того, исследование показало, что легкая обжарка лучше сохраняет полезные соединения, такие как хлорогеновые кислоты.

Исследование также проливает свет на противоречия в предыдущих исследованиях, касающихся степени обжарки и содержания кофеина. Ранее исследования давали противоречивые результаты из-за различий в методах заваривания, размерах помола и свойствах воды. Стандартизировав эти переменные, ученые создали более надежную базу для понимания влияния обжарки на кофеин.

Эти выводы имеют важное значение для профессионалов кофейной индустрии: от обжарщиков до бариста. Обжарщики могут настроить свои профили, чтобы сбалансировать сохранение кофеина и развитие вкуса, а бариста — оптимизировать методы заваривания для извлечения нужных соединений.

Кроме того, исследование соответствует растущему спросу на прозрачность в индустрии specialty coffee, что способствует лучшему пониманию потребителями научных аспектов их любимого напитка.

Несмотря на значительные достижения, исследование открывает возможности для дальнейших исследований. Смогут ли другие методы заваривания, такие как эспрессо или холодный брю, дать аналогичные результаты? Как влияют другие факторы, такие как высота произрастания кофе и методы обработки, на динамику кофеина?

Это новаторское исследование подчеркивает удивительную сложность кофе, где каждая переменная — от происхождения зерен до степени обжарки и метода заваривания — формирует конечный результат. Раскрывая сложные динамики экстракции кофеина, исследование способствует развитию кофейной науки и дает как профессионалам, так и потребителям возможность принимать обоснованные решения.

С ростом популярности specialty coffee это исследование напоминает, что в мире кофе всегда есть что-то новое для открытия.

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[:ar]Privacy Policy for qahwa world At qahwaworld, accessible from qahwaworld.com, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by qahwaworld and how we use it. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us. This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our website with regards to the information that they shared and/or collect in qahwaworld. This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website. Our Privacy Policy was created with the help of the Free Privacy Policy Generator. Consent By using our website, you hereby consent to our Privacy Policy and agree to its terms. 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These are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable. The purpose of the information is for analyzing trends, administering the site, tracking users' movement on the website, and gathering demographic information. Cookies and Web Beacons Like any other website, qahwaworld uses 'cookies'. These cookies are used to store information including visitors' preferences, and the pages on the website that the visitor accessed or visited. The information is used to optimize the users' experience by customizing our web page content based on visitors' browser type and/or other information. For more general information on cookies, please read the Cookies article on Generate Privacy Policy website. Google DoubleClick DART Cookie Google is one of a third-party vendor on our site. It also uses cookies, known as DART cookies, to serve ads to our site visitors based upon their visit to www.website.com and other sites on the internet. 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These technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit. Note that qahwaworld has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers. Third Party Privacy Policies qahwaworld's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options. You can choose to disable cookies through your individual browser options. To know more detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers, it can be found at the browsers' respective websites. 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The right to rectification – You have the right to request that we correct any information you believe is inaccurate. You also have the right to request that we complete the information you believe is incomplete. The right to erasure – You have the right to request that we erase your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to restrict processing – You have the right to request that we restrict the processing of your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to object to processing – You have the right to object to our processing of your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to data portability – You have the right to request that we transfer the data that we have collected to another organization, or directly to you, under certain conditions. If you make a request, we have one month to respond to you. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us. 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Privacy Policy for Qahwa World

At Qahwa World, accessible from https://qahwaworld.com, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by Qahwa World and how we use it. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us. This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our website with regards to the information that they shared and/or collect in Qahwa World. This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website. Our Privacy Policy was created with the help of the Free Privacy Policy Generator.

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Third Party Privacy Policies

Qahwa World's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options. You can choose to disable cookies through your individual browser options. To know more detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers, it can be found at the browsers' respective websites.

CCPA Privacy Rights (Do Not Sell My Personal Information)

Under the CCPA, among other rights, California consumers have the right to: Request that a business that collects a consumer's personal data disclose the categories and specific pieces of personal data that a business has collected about consumers. Request that a business delete any personal data about the consumer that a business has collected. Request that a business that sells a consumer's personal data, not sell the consumer's personal data. If you make a request, we have one month to respond to you. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us.

GDPR Data Protection Rights

We would like to make sure you are fully aware of all of your data protection rights. Every user is entitled to the following: The right to access – You have the right to request copies of your personal data. We may charge you a small fee for this service. The right to rectification – You have the right to request that we correct any information you believe is inaccurate. You also have the right to request that we complete the information you believe is incomplete. The right to erasure – You have the right to request that we erase your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to restrict processing – You have the right to request that we restrict the processing of your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to object to processing – You have the right to object to our processing of your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to data portability – You have the right to request that we transfer the data that we have collected to another organization, or directly to you, under certain conditions. If you make a request, we have one month to respond to you. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us.

Children's Information

Another part of our priority is adding protection for children while using the internet. We encourage parents and guardians to observe, participate in, and/or monitor and guide their online activity. Qahwa World does not knowingly collect any Personal Identifiable Information from children under the age of 13. If you think that your child provided this kind of information on our website, we strongly encourage you to contact us immediately and we will do our best efforts to promptly remove such information from our records.[:ru]Privacy Policy for qahwa world At qahwaworld, accessible from qahwaworld.com, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by qahwaworld and how we use it. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us. This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our website with regards to the information that they shared and/or collect in qahwaworld. This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website. Our Privacy Policy was created with the help of the Free Privacy Policy Generator. Consent By using our website, you hereby consent to our Privacy Policy and agree to its terms. Information we collect The personal information that you are asked to provide, and the reasons why you are asked to provide it, will be made clear to you at the point we ask you to provide your personal information. If you contact us directly, we may receive additional information about you such as your name, email address, phone number, the contents of the message and/or attachments you may send us, and any other information you may choose to provide. When you register for an Account, we may ask for your contact information, including items such as name, company name, address, email address, and telephone number. How we use your information We use the information we collect in various ways, including to: Provide, operate, and maintain our website Improve, personalize, and expand our website Understand and analyze how you use our website Develop new products, services, features, and functionality Communicate with you, either directly or through one of our partners, including for customer service, to provide you with updates and other information relating to the website, and for marketing and promotional purposes Send you emails Find and prevent fraud Log Files qahwaworld follows a standard procedure of using log files. These files log visitors when they visit websites. All hosting companies do this and a part of hosting services' analytics. The information collected by log files include internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, Internet Service Provider (ISP), date and time stamp, referring/exit pages, and possibly the number of clicks. These are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable. The purpose of the information is for analyzing trends, administering the site, tracking users' movement on the website, and gathering demographic information. Cookies and Web Beacons Like any other website, qahwaworld uses 'cookies'. These cookies are used to store information including visitors' preferences, and the pages on the website that the visitor accessed or visited. The information is used to optimize the users' experience by customizing our web page content based on visitors' browser type and/or other information. For more general information on cookies, please read the Cookies article on Generate Privacy Policy website. Google DoubleClick DART Cookie Google is one of a third-party vendor on our site. It also uses cookies, known as DART cookies, to serve ads to our site visitors based upon their visit to www.website.com and other sites on the internet. However, visitors may choose to decline the use of DART cookies by visiting the Google ad and content network Privacy Policy at the following URL – https://policies.google.com/technologies/ads Our Advertising Partners Some of advertisers on our site may use cookies and web beacons. Our advertising partners are listed below. Each of our advertising partners has their own Privacy Policy for their policies on user data. For easier access, we hyperlinked to their Privacy Policies below. Google https://policies.google.com/technologies/ads Advertising Partners Privacy Policies You may consult this list to find the Privacy Policy for each of the advertising partners of qahwaworld. Third-party ad servers or ad networks uses technologies like cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons that are used in their respective advertisements and links that appear on qahwaworld, which are sent directly to users' browser. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. These technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit. Note that qahwaworld has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers. Third Party Privacy Policies qahwaworld's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options. You can choose to disable cookies through your individual browser options. To know more detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers, it can be found at the browsers' respective websites. CCPA Privacy Rights (Do Not Sell My Personal Information) Under the CCPA, among other rights, California consumers have the right to: Request that a business that collects a consumer's personal data disclose the categories and specific pieces of personal data that a business has collected about consumers. Request that a business delete any personal data about the consumer that a business has collected. Request that a business that sells a consumer's personal data, not sell the consumer's personal data. If you make a request, we have one month to respond to you. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us. GDPR Data Protection Rights We would like to make sure you are fully aware of all of your data protection rights. Every user is entitled to the following: The right to access – You have the right to request copies of your personal data. We may charge you a small fee for this service. The right to rectification – You have the right to request that we correct any information you believe is inaccurate. You also have the right to request that we complete the information you believe is incomplete. The right to erasure – You have the right to request that we erase your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to restrict processing – You have the right to request that we restrict the processing of your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to object to processing – You have the right to object to our processing of your personal data, under certain conditions. The right to data portability – You have the right to request that we transfer the data that we have collected to another organization, or directly to you, under certain conditions. If you make a request, we have one month to respond to you. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us. Children's Information Another part of our priority is adding protection for children while using the internet. We encourage parents and guardians to observe, participate in, and/or monitor and guide their online activity. qahwaworld does not knowingly collect any Personal Identifiable Information from children under the age of 13. If you think that your child provided this kind of information on our website, we strongly encourage you to contact us immediately and we will do our best efforts to promptly remove such information from our records.[:]
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