Arabic coffee is a deeply-rooted symbol of hospitality and generosity in Arab societies, particularly in the Gulf region. The preparation, serving, and drinking of coffee carry profound social meanings, reflecting respect and appreciation between host and guest.
The Art of Coffee Preparation
The process begins with selecting coffee beans, which are gently roasted over a slow fire, typically with a light to medium roast. Spices such as cardamom and sometimes saffron are added to the coffee, giving it a unique flavor that balances the boldness of the coffee with the aromatic richness of the spices.
Traditions of Serving Coffee
Traditionally served in a dallah (coffee pot), the coffee is poured into small cups, with the amount kept minimal, meant for tasting rather than full consumption—a practice known as “Sabba Al-Qahwa.” The coffee service starts with the eldest or most distinguished guest, then proceeds in order of social importance, reflecting awareness of each guest’s status.
The Proper Way to Offer Cups
When serving coffee, the cup is presented with the right hand, while the dallah is held in the left. The guest receives the cup with their right hand, and the cup is offered without using the handle, with the server’s left hand placed behind their back as a gesture of respect and consideration.
Drinking Coffee and Signaling Completion
After finishing the coffee, the guest should gently shake the cup to signal they have had enough and do not wish for more. This customary gesture maintains smooth communication between host and guest, sparing the guest from the need to request that no more coffee be served. If the cup is not shaken, it is assumed the guest desires more.
Number of Cups and Modesty in Serving
Traditionally, no more than three cups are served to a guest, with each cup symbolizing honor and respect. The small amount of coffee in the cup is not due to scarcity but rather an expression of modesty and appreciation. Offering a full cup may be seen as a lack of understanding of customs or a sign of inattentiveness.
Respecting the Occasion and the Host
In formal gatherings, serving coffee is often accompanied by welcoming phrases such as “Hayyakum Allah” (May God bless you) or “Bil Hana’ wal Shifa'” (For your health and well-being), enhancing the warmth and respect conveyed. Refusing coffee, in some cultures, may be interpreted as a sign of dissatisfaction unless there is a valid reason, such as fasting or a health condition.
Overall, Arabic coffee etiquette is more than a set of simple rituals; it is an art that reflects the societal values of generosity, respect, and honoring guests.